Gerund in Indonesian Language ( verbs with -nya or me- )

Gerund In Indonesian Language

To make a gerund in Indonesian language, just add "-nya" or "me-" on a verb.

For example :

Menurunnya = the decreasing
Menurunnya harga beras mengecewakan para pertani
The decreasing of rice price disapointed many farmers

Jatuhnya = the fall of / the drop of/ the falling of
Jatuhnya pesawat di sana membuat orang-orang gelisah
The falling of the plane makes many people insecure

Time Conjunction in Indonesian Language

1. ketika, waktu, saat, tatkala = when

Saya menjadi sukses ketika saya sudah menjadi dokter
I will become success when i've become a doctor

Saat kamu sudah datang di sana, coba bertemu orang itu segera
When you've arrived there, try to meet that man soon

2. sejak, semenjak = since

Mereka ada di sini sejak kemarin
They have been being here since yesterday

Saya punya harga diri sejak saya memulai lari setiap hari
I have pride since i started to run everyday

Subordinating Conjunction in Indonesian Language

1. bahwa = that

Dokter mengatakan bahwa say tidak boleh capek sekali
The doctor said that i'm not allowed to be overly tired


2. agar, supaya, biar, agar supaya = in order to, in order that, so that

Saya lari setiap supaya saya menjadi kuat
I run everyday in order to become strong


3. jika, kalau, kalo = if , when

Jika kalian punya pertanyaan, saya siap membantu
If you have any question, i'm ready to help

Coordinating Conjunction in Indonesian Language

1. maka/ oleh sebab itu = so, thus, therefore, consequently

Maka semua ini harus diselesaikan
So, everything must be ended

Oleh sebab itu, saya menjadi sangat berani
Therefore, i become braver.


2. lalu, setelah itu = then, afterwards

Lalu, dia berlari ke arah dia.
Then, he ran towards her

Setelah itu, aku mencoba untuk lebih percaya diri
Afterwards, i tried to be more confident

Compound Sentences in Indonesian Language

In this section, the conjunction “yang” or “mana” are commonly used to make a compound structure in Indonesian language. But there are few conjunctions to help more :

“yang” = that, which, who,

“dari siapa “ = from whom

“kepada siapa” = to whom

“di mana” =  where

“dari mana” = from where

“dalam mana “ = in where

For example :

Aku mempunyai mobil yang berwarna merah.

I have a car which is colored red.

Orang itu, yang memakai seragam biru, adalah teman saya.

That man, who wears blue uniform, is my friend.

Saya bertemu guru dari siapa saya mendapat hadiah.

I met the teacher from whom i got a present.

Teman saya, kepada siapa saya beri makanan, membicarakan sesuatu.

My friend, to whom i gave a food, is talking about something.

Rumah, di mana saya tinggal, akan dijual.

Rumah, tempat saya tinggal, akan dijual. *( “di mana” can be replaced by “tempat” which means “the place”, the meaning is still the same )

The house, where i live, will be sold.

Mereka tidak tahu tempat di mana semua orang berkumpul.

They didn’t know the place where all people gathered.

Tempat itu, dari mana mobil-mobil itu datang, merupakan tempat tinggal orang itu.

That place, from where the cars came, is his home

Dia punya tas dalam mana alat itu diletakkan.

He has a bag in where that device is placed.

Indefinite Pronouns in Indonesian Language

-Somebody, Anybody ( seorang )

Seorang datang untuk menemui kamu

Somebody came to meet you

Saya memang tidak mau seorang datang ke rumah ini

I don’t want anybody come to this house after all

-Nobody ( tidak/ tak seorang pun )

Tidak seorang pun datang pada acara itu
Nobody came to that show

Tak seorang pun makan kue itu

Nobody ate that cake

-Something, Anything ( sesuatu / apa-apa/ apa pun )

Saya merasa ada apa-apa di rumah itu

I feel that there’s something in that house

Kamu dapat bertanya apa pun yang kamu suka

You can ask anything you like

The use of prefix "se-" in Indonesian Language

In general, the true meaning of prefix "se-" in Indonesian language is one, singular

Nevertheless, there are other meanings for "se-" :

1. One or a

Seorang sedang menunggu kita
Someone is waiting for us

Mereka cuma sehari menginap di sana
They only stay there for a day

2. .....of the same

Adjective used as noun in Indonesian Language

Usually, in English, there are two definitions to denote measurement ( the noun and its adjective ), for example : length and long or tall ; width and wide or broad . Now, that won't happen in Indonesian Language. There are word used as a noun and also an adjective in Indonesian Language.

For Instance :

Panjang = length and long or tall
Lebar =  width and wide or broad
Jauh = distance, far
Berat = weight , heavy

Adverb in Indonesian Language

Using "dengan" before an adjective forms adverbs in Indonesian using. This is another reason why Indonesian is quite popular to be the easiest language on earth.

"Dengan" literally means with or by or -ly

Mereka mengerjakan tugas itu dengan baik ( They did the job well )
Dia selalu belajar dengan tekun ( He always studies diligently )
Mesin itu membuat kue dengan cepat ( That machine makes the cake fast )
Saya pergi ke sana dengan mobil ( I went there by car )
Kamu membuka kaleng itu dengan sendok ( You opened the can with a spoon )

Conjugated Verb in Indonesian Language

The term of flexible Indonesian Language come from its word order, It's truly flexible. it has two word order : Subjective structure and Objective Structure .

Subjective structure

Saya beli mobil itu ( I bought that car ) / Saya membeli mobil itu
Saya makan kue itu ( i ate that cake ) / Saya memakan kue itu
Dimakannya kue itu oleh saya ( the cake is eaten by me ) *
Kumakan kue itu ( i ate that cake )*

Duplication Words in Indonesian Language

Normally, duplication in Indonesian language expresses plurality, bu in some occasion, the adjectives modifying the noun is become double to show plurality.

1.  Duplicated noun means resemblance/ similarity

Motor-motoran = something looks like a real motor ( maybe a toy )
Orang-orangan =  something resembles a real human ( maybe a manikin )


2. Duplicated verb shows frequency of action and the duration of its action

Derivative Nouns in Indonesian Language

This is another reason why Indonesian is easy to understand. We don’t have to remember lots vocabulary because the Indonesian vocabularies are derived or originated from verbs and nouns. Take a look explanation below :

1. root word + -an ( Noun derived from verbs )

makan = to eat

makanan = food

bayar = pay

bayarn = payment

pikir = think

pikiran = thought

2. pe- + adjective/ noun/ verb ( It shows a person who has habit or does the action denoted by the root word )

~ pe- + adjective ( showing quality ) ( it simply means “ adjective + person “ )

jahat = bad, wicked

penjahat = a criminal, bad person

berani = brave, unafraid

pemberani = brave person

Compound Nouns in Indonesian Language

These kind of nouns has two words or even more, and has its own meaning.

1. two nouns :

Kereta listrik = electric train

Kursi roda = wheel chair

Ibu bapak = parents

2. a noun and an adjective :

Verbs in Indonesian Language 8 ( verbs with "ke-.....-an" )

Verbs with “ke......an”

-The meaning of “ke....an” is “affected by”.

 The root word can be a noun, an adjective or a verb placed between “ke........an” verb.

 

For example :

-hujan = rain 

Saya tadi kehujanan ketika dalam perjalanan pulang

I was caught in the rain while going home

Verbs in Indonesia Language 7 ( Verbs with "ter-" )

Verbs with prefix “ter-“

~“ter-“ in Indonesian  language resembles to “di-“ verb

Literally ,It has four functions, and there are :

1. A condition caused by a complete action,

    therefore it resembles to past participle in English and it acts as an adjective.

 

For example :

Buku tersebut di sana = the book mentioned there

Saya melihat pintu terbuka = i saw a opened door

Verbs in Indonesian Language 6 ( Verbs with "memper-" )

Verbs with prefix “memper-“

~It acts as transitive verb.

1. “memper + adjective” shows to modify the condition of things or to make even more.......

For example :

cantik = beautiful ( mempercantik = to make beautiful/ to beautify )

kuat = strong ( memperkuat = to make strong/ to strengthen )

jelas = clear ( memperjelas = to clarify/ to make clearer )

2. “memper  + verb / noun + kan”

lihat = to see/ to watch ( memperlihatkan = to show )

guna = a use ( mempergunakan = to use )

Verbs in Indonesian Language 5 ( Verbs with "-i" )

Verbs with suffix”-i”

~ me - verb - i

- It has the same function as “me-....-kan” which is a transitive verb.

-It has two meaning :

1. “me-...-i “shows a relation of location between the action and the object. 

   Generally, the object is sort of place, and the”-i” has the meaning of preposition ( to, from, in )

 

Sentences below are examples to help differentiate between  “me-...-kan” and  “me-...-i”

Verbs in Indonesian Language 4 ( verbs with "-kan" )

Verbs with suffix “-kan”

- Its function is to change intransitive verb into transitive verb

-“-kan” means to make something/ someone got an action. It causes something to the object.

~ me - verb - kan from root word

-It has a causative function. It cause a condition which is expressed with the root word

For example :

1. bangun = to wake up (  membangunkan = to wake somebody up )

    Dia membangunkan saya tadi pagi

    He woke me up this morning

 

2. keluar = to exit/ to go out ( mengeluarkan  = take out/ make something to be out )

    Aku mengeluarkan sepeda dari rumah

    I took the bicycle out of the garage

How to say "passive voice" in Indonesian Language ? ( verbs with "di-" )

Verbs with "di-"

1. We can make passive in Indonesian by adding prefix "di-"on a verb
2.It's normally used for transitive verbs in Indonesian.
3. It focuses on the object.
4. The sentence order :

Object + Predicate + Subject

For example :

• Roti itu dimakan oleh saya ( That bread was eaten by me )
• Soda itu diminum oleh dia ( That soda was drank by him )
• Buku itu dibeli dia ( That book is bought by him/her )
• Buku itu dibelinya ( That book is bought by him/her ) *

* "-nya" is the personal suffix of "dia"

How to make "comparison sentence" in Indonesian Language ?

Comparison of Adjectives and Adverb in Indonesian Language

1. Equality

A. sama.....dengan ( As....As )

• Dia sama pendek dengan ibunya ( She is as short as her mother )

B. se- + adjective ( without "dengan" )

• Mobil itu sebagus mobilku ( That car is as good as my car )